A General Theory of Love by Thomas Lewis, Fari Amini, and Richard Lannon (M.D.s))

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=210 BGCOLOR="#99CC99" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="1552c963.jpg"> <div> <A HREF="mailto:wmeades@gmail.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="mailto:wmeades@gmail.com"><U><IMG SRC="6799c150.png" border=0 width="156" height="21" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://practicalspirituality.wordpress.com/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://practicalspirituality.wordpress.c"><U>Practical Spirituality Blog</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="counseling.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Pastoral Counseling"><U>Making an Appointment</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="printableform.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Forms"><U>Information Form</U></A> </div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="map.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Directions to Office"><U>Map to My Office</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="speaking.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Speaking and 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VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 75 ><NOBR><div>  <iframe marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" width="120" height="240" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?o=1&l=as1&f=ifr&t=practicalspir-20&p=8&asins=0375709223&IS2=1&lt1=_blank"><MAP NAME="boxmap-p8"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="14, 200, 103, 207" HREF="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm/privacy-policy.html?o=1" ><AREA COORDS="0,0,10000,10000" HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect-home/practicalspir-20" ></MAP><img src="http://rcm-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/rcm/120x240.gif" width="120" height="240" border="0" usemap="#boxmap-p8" alt="Shop at Amazon.com"></iframe>  </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="73"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="75" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="73" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="156"><div> If you're interested in this subject, then you will also enjoy....</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div>  <iframe marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" width="120" height="240" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?o=1&l=as1&f=ifr&t=practicalspir-20&p=8&asins=034544034X&IS2=1&lt1=_blank"><MAP NAME="boxmap-p8"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="14, 200, 103, 207" HREF="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm/privacy-policy.html?o=1" ><AREA COORDS="0,0,10000,10000" HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect-home/practicalspir-20" ></MAP><img src="http://rcm-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/rcm/120x240.gif" width="120" height="240" border="0" usemap="#boxmap-p8" alt="Shop at Amazon.com"></iframe>  </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="755" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=11 HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="751"><div> <B>1.  Preface</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> a.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Three Questions</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> What is love, and why are some people unable to find it?</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> What is loneliness, and why does it hurt?</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> What are relationships, and how and why do they work the way they do?</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> b.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> People of every age have contemplated these questions, but until the recent advances in brain science, these questions have been left to the poets and philosophers.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> c.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Traditional theories of the mind hold that "Passion" is a problem to be overcome by "Reason" as one matures.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> d.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9><NOBR><div> These authors hold that "where intellect and emotion clash, the heart often has the greater wisdom." (viii)</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> e.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> "This book — as it elucidates the shaping power of parental devotion, the biological reality of romance, the healing force of communal connection — argues for love.  Turn the page, and the arrow is loosed.  The heart it seeks is your own." (viii)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=11 HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="751"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="751" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="34"><div> <B>2.</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=10 WIDTH="714"><div> <B>The Heart's Castle: Science Joins the Search for Love</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> a.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9><NOBR><div> "The heart has its reasons whereof Reason knows nothing" -Blaise Pascal</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> b.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The neural systems responsible for emotion and intellect are separate.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 22 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="22" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> c.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9><NOBR><div> Love operates in "lawful" ways, even though we may not be able to discover the exact nature of the laws.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> d.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Psychiatrists and psychologists have constructed theories of emotion which have endured, despite the fact that they are based on virtually nothing that is biologically credible.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> e.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> On Freud</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> "This account of humanity's heart binds love inextricably to sexual pleasure and perversion--indeed, it holds that love is but a convoluted representation of forbidden, repellent, incestuous urges." (7)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> "The [Oedipus] stories transfigured moral is that the civilizing forces of reason and intellect must reign if humanity's bestial nature is not to descend toward unspeakable horror." (7)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> f.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> "As in politics, the factor determining the longevity and popularity of these [psychological theories] was not their veracity but the energy and wit devoted to promoting them." (8)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> g.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9><NOBR><div> Although science has stripped Freud of credibility, two obstacles have kept new theories from taking hold:</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Scientific theories (like behaviorism and cognitive approaches) are cold and alienating.  There seems to be little humanity about them.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> There is still very little hard data.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> h.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> In examining love scientifically, "one must balance a respect for proof with a fondness for the unproven and the unprovable." (12)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> "People who do not intuit or respect the laws of acceleration and momentum break bones; those who do not grasp the principles of love waste their lives and break their hearts." (13) The results are tremendous societal suffering.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=11 HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="751"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="751" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="34"><div> <B>3.</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=10><NOBR><div> <B>Kits, Cats, Sacks, and Uncertainty: How the Brain's Basic Structure Poses Problems for Love</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 89 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="89" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="89" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> In the early 20th century science shifted from an enterprise that believed it could truly come to know the universe, to accepting that there is a degree of mystery and uncertainty about reality which will never be overcome (Einstein, Godel, and Heisenberg are referenced). One's point of view and the questions one asks determine the answers. Until recently, no one cared to include the brain's biology when considering questions of love.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=11 HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="751"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="751" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> a.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Inside Story</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> The brain is a network of neurons which communication both electrically and chemically.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The purpose of the communication is survival.  Those whose neurons communicate well survive until the next mating season.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> b.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Triune Brain</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 57 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="57" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="57" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The development of the human brain was not "seamlessly executed" and so one should not expect the brain's configuration to be altogether logical (i.e., sleep has no known neural function, and it makes a mammal vulnerable to predators for several hours each day).</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The brain is thus composed of three distinct, yet intermingling, sub-brains, which represent three stages in evolutionary history.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The theory of a triune brain helps explain some of "love's anarchy."</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> c.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Reptilian Brain</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The RB is located at the top of the spinal cord. It functions to keep the body functioning, and houses the bodies most vital control centers.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> A person who is said to be "brain dead" has only a functioning RB.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> There is nothing in RB which contributes to our emotional life or to any other qualities which we consider "human."</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> d.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Limbic Brain</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The LB is wrapped around the RB.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> It includes the hippocampus, fornix amygdala, septum, cingulate gyrus, perirhinal, and perihippocampal regions.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> The LB is the primary development which distinguishes mammals from reptiles.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> The LB allows mammals, unlike reptiles, to emotionally attach to their young.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Mammals "take care of" their young while reptiles are basically indifferent to their young.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (a)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> Mammals form close knit social groups (reptiles do not).</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (b)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> Mammals will risk life to protect a child or mate (reptiles do not).</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (c)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> Mammals vocalize when separated (reptiles do not).</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (d)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> Mammals play with one another (reptiles do not).</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> e.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Newest Brain (Neocortex)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The NB is the latest and largest section of the human brain.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> Speaking, planning, reasoning, motor control, and the senses all originate here.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> NB processing can go astray in odd ways.  Reasoning and perception can become disjointed. (Sach's <U>The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat</U> offers several clinical examples).  Motor skills can deteriorate.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iv.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The NB has a flexibility, though, that allows for healthy neurons to sometimes take over the functions of damaged neurons.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> v.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> WILL</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> When the body is about the move, electrical impulses appear in the brain in what is called the readiness wave.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> The conscious experience of a decision to move occurs after the readiness wave has passed. It seems that somehow the NB "knows" that movement is coming prior to a consciousness of the intention to move.  (My note: Thus we are never "choosing" as consciously as we think we are.)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> vi.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> ABSTRACTION</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 42 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="42" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="42" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="42" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Tasks that call for symbolic representation, strategy, planning or problem solving are dealt with in the </div> <div> NB.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Species that are better problem solvers always have the largest NBs.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Language is perhaps the greatest accomplishment of the NB.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (4)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Abstraction is a tremendous survival skill.  It allows us to imagine possibilities and out-comes.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 89 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="89" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="89" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 WIDTH="28"><div> vii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> "Many people conceive of evolution as an upward staircase, an unfolding sequence that produces ever more advanced organisms.  From this perspective, the advantages of the neocortex...would naturally be judged the highest attributes of human nature.  But the vertical conceptualization of evolution is fallacious.... Expunge this temperocentrist bias, and the neocortical brain is not the most advanced of the three, but simply the most recent." (30-31).</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> f.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Trouble with Triples</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> "Evolution's stuttering process has fashioned a brain that is fragmented and inharmonious, and to some degree composed of players with competing interests." (31)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Differing lineage and function does not mean that the three brains are neurally autonomous.  Their connections fade into one another in a way similar to the way day fades into night.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The three areas of the brain possess different chemical processes, which is why a medication can effect one of the three sections without any impact on the other two. </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iv.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Remove a hamster's neocortex and she can still raise her pups.  The slightest limbic damage destroys her maternal abilities.  Damage the limbic area of a hamster, and it no longer "plays."</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> v.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Most of the mind is not impressed by words and logic.  It does not "take orders." (My Note: The Apostle Paul in Romans 7:15-16; He chalks the dilemma up to sin...)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> vi.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> The LB does not respond to will as the NB does.  It can be influenced, but not commanded.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 WIDTH="28"><div> vii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> "The emotional brain, although inarticulate and unreasoning, can be expressive and intuitive." (34)</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=11 HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="751"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="751" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><div> 4.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=10 WIDTH="714"><div> Archimedes' Principle: How We Sense the Inner World of Other Hearts</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 89 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="89" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="89" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Archimedes was so excited by one of his mathematical discoveries that he ran naked from his bath shouting, "Eureka!"  This kind of exuberance for life is driven by emotion, not intellect.  Our culture dismisses the emotional motivations behind important concepts (like economics, or justice), and contributes to our misunderstanding of the deeper purpose of emotion.  Emotion allows us to "receive the content" of another's mind.  "For human beings, feeling deeply is synonymous with being alive." (37)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> a.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Secret Society of Mammals</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Charles Darwin was the first scientist to devote himself to the study of emotion in animals.  In keeping with his theory, he explained emotions in terms of how they help the animal live.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> With the advent of Behaviorism, Darwin's perspective was relegated to a back shelf.  It was not until the mid-60s that the theory of emotions as a "heritable advantage" came back into play.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> b.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Its Not Just an Expression</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Facial expressions are identical all over the globe.  Anger is expressed the same in every culture.  The same is true for blind people, who have never seen anyone else's expression.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Mammalian animals also give evidence of similar reactions, and therefore, emotions, though the debate about what it means to say that animals have emotions is still hotly debated.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Direct survival emotions</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Fear is probably the limbic brain's oldest emotion, and has kept mammals alive for millenia.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Disgust has kept animals away from disease. </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iv.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Interaction emotions</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Anger readies a mammal for combat and serves as a warning to others.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Jealousy alerts a mammal to the potential loss of propagation opportunities.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Contempt, pride, guilt, shame, and humiliation all serve to help a group manage social interactions and status.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (4)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Religious fervor requires the kind of complex abstractional ability that is only found in a well developed neocortex, and is considered less likely to have a correlate in non-human animals.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> v.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Animals that are limbically mature, like dogs and cats, often possess a remarkable ability to read the emotional climate of a situation and respond to the emotional signals of their owners, despite the larger absence of a large neocortex (not so with a snake or a turtle....).</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> c.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Music and Mayflies</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Emotions can arise and dissipate in milliseconds.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> The process of experiencing an emotion is similar to experiencing a musical note.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> An event triggers an emotional neural pathway which initially elicits a facial expression.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> If the stimulus passes a certain threshold, a perceptible feeling arises.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> As neural activity diminishes, feeling intensity decreases.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (4)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Some residual activity persists in the circuit after the feeling is no longer perceptible.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 89 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="89" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="89" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> A mood is analogous to the collection echos which follow the notes.  Events of the day can leave us marginally stimulated in ways that create a "state of enhanced readiness to experience a certain emotion." (44) (i.e., If a man spills coffee on himself, the actual feeling is fairly short-lived, but if this is then followed by another negative event, the reaction will likely be faster and more intense than the situation calls for.)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iv.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> People who experience a feeling chronically are often keeping their neural pathways related to certain feelings stimulated through thinking about events that elicit those feelings.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> The feelings generated by imagination are often more intense than those generated by actual events.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> "The neocortical brain's tendency to wax hypothetical then becomes a deadly liability." (46)</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> v.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> No one yet knows what causes a brain to get stuck in chronic state, like depression.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> d.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> An Emotional Epic: Scales and Wires</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> A certain degree of emotionality is hardwired into the reptilian brain.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> This is probably where basic personality temperaments derive.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Worry, for example, seems to be controlled by an area of the RB, and is related to fear--an important survival emotion.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> The worry setting is usually somewhere in the middle of the scale.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (a)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> set too low = recklessness</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (b)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> set too high = too inhibiting</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Our movie culture celebrates those with low worry settings as heros, but the reality is that such persons usually don't make it through the darwinian maze.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (4)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Those with a low worry setting are prone to criminality.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The nature of danger in our world has changed, but the inborn reactions have not, which creates problems.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iv.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> While the RB does not respond to the direct force of Will, it can be shaped by the more subtle forces of the limbic brain.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> e.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Bridge Between Worlds</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The LB's original purpose appears to have been to monitor both external world and internal bodily movement in order to coordinate them.  It fine-tunes physiology to prime the body for reaction to the outer world.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Once the LB settles on an emotional state, it sends outputs to the neocortical brain, which spawns  conscious thoughts (What the hell is that guy doing?). </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The LB also sends signals to the RB to prepare the body for a fight.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> f.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Solitary Confinement</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> Although the LB oversees thousands of emotional transactions each day, sometimes it goes haywire.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 71 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="71" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="71" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Asperger's syndrome: A condition whereby otherwise bright and intelligent persons are completely baffled by emotional and social convention.  As one young woman said, "I know that the words happy and unhappy signify something to other people, and I have heard others use them, but I do not know what they mean.... As far as I know, I have had no experience of either."</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> g.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Finishing Touches - In a Different Voice</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> The neocortical brain does not produce emotion, but it plays a role in modulating and integrating.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The left temporal lobe of the NB produces and interprets speech, while the right temporal lobe of the NB adds the emotional flavor to speech.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> People with damage to the left lobe have trouble speaking and/or understanding words.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> People with damage to the right lobe have trouble interpreting and/or expressing the emotional nuances of speech.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> To the person with right lobe damage, the phrase, "That's a nice haircut," can sound no different from, "I want to make love to you."</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (4)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> All of this adds to the now well publicized problems with interpreting e-mail and on-line chat, which offer conversation w/o the emotional cues.  The quick rise of "Emoticons" confirms our inability to tolerate the ambiguity of emotionless communication.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> h.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> A Resounding Success</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Infants have an amazing capacity to recognize and interpret facial expressions, particularly mother's face.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Visual Cliff Experiment (perceptual illusion using plexiglass): When babies perceive danger, they stop, but will continue if mother's facial expressions and voice urge them.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Video Monitor Experiment: A child is not satisfied with a simple picture of mother's expressions.  The child needs synchrony, that is, responses from mother that mirror his/her own expressions.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> Evolution has produced in mammals an incredible capacity for limbic resonance.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> When limbic resonance is missing, we find it disturbing (note: which may explain a portion of why emotionally damaged kids can be so disturbing to us).</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 71 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="71" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="71" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iv.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The power of psychotherapy draws, in part, from the goal of simple attending.  There are few places left in our culture where one can expect to get an hour of undivided attention. Such attention energizes one's awareness of another world — "a world governed by forces that were old before humanity began." (65)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=11 HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="751"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="751" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><div> 5.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=10><NOBR><div> A Fiercer Sea: How Relationships Permeate the Human Body, Mind, and Soul</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> a.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Finding the Ties that Bind</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Konrad Lorenz studied the hard-wired neural rule that tells geese to "follow that" (whatever moves) once they are born.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Although the human rules for imprinting are more flexible than that of most animals, its not as flexible as people expect.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Frederick II (13th century) set out to find the natural language of babies by having several raised by nursemaids who would care for them, but never speak to them.  All the infants died before ever speaking.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Rene Spitz (1940s) studied orphaned children who'd been fed and clothed, but not handled out of fear of infection from disease.  Although physical needs were met, many became withdrawn and sickly.  Many died from the diseases their isolation was designed to protect them from.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 71 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="71" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="71" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="71" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> John Bowbly (1950s) proposed attachment theory, which posited that infants are born with instinctive bonding behaviors that promote safety.  He was severely castigated for his ideas by the psychoanalytic community which insisted that the child valued the mother because she gratified the id.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (4)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> American psychiatry at this time was shaped by psychoanalytic thought, but also by the Behaviorism of John Watson.  Behaviorism insisted that a child should never be rewarded with attention for crying.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (5)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Harry Harlow's (1950s) work with monkey's "dealt synchronous hammer blows to the Freudian and Pavlovian models of relatedness."  Harlow found that baby monkey's consistently chose a warm, fuzzy "mom" without food over a wire-mesh "mom" without food.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Ultimately Bowby's theories gained support.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Infants can't move, so they engage in behaviors designed to keep mom close.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Infants have different cries for different problems, and moms uncannily "guess" correctly.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> Infants work even harder to keep mom's attention when in strange settings.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (4)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Attachment behavior becomes less conspicuous as the child ages, but the underlying attachment never goes away.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iv.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Adults evidence some of the same issues when they "flock" together to see, for example, a scary movie or when they embrace when saying goodbye.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> b.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Pliant years</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> Attachment theory has virtually proven that pivotal events in the first years of life determine personality.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Mary Ainsworth (1978) divided the caretaking styles of mothers into 3 categories and was able to accurately predict the child's emotionality one year later based on the mothering style.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Attentive, responsive, and tender = secure child</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (a)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> upset and fussy when mom left</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (b)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> reassured and joyful upon her return</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (c)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6><NOBR><div> grade school = happy, social, resilient, persistent, likable, and empathetic</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Cold, resentful, and rigid = insecure-avoidant child</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (a)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> indifferent when mom left</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (b)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> ignored her when she returned</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (c)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6><NOBR><div> grade school = distant, hostile, and unwilling to seek comfort/help when hurt</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Distracted and erratic = insecure-ambivalent child</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (a)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> clutching when with mom</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (b)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> distraught when seperated</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (c)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> inconsolable after the reunion</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (d)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6><NOBR><div> grade school = socially inept, timid, hypersensitive, and hungry for attention</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (4)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Ainsworth found no correlation between the amount of time a mother spent attending to her child and the child's emotionality.  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (a)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> Secure attachment seemed to stem from the mother providing what the child needed when it was needed.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="0"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="0" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="34"><div> (b)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=6 WIDTH="615"><div> "Wherever a mother sensed her baby's inarticulate desires and acted on them, not only was their mutual enjoyment greatest, but the outcome was, years later, a secure child." (75)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (5)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Attachment leads to limbic resonance, which leads to "the neural core of what it means to be a human being." (76)</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=11 HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="751"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="751" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=10 WIDTH="714"><div> THE ANATOMY OF LOVE </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> c.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> Mourning Becomes Electric</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> "Protest" - All mammals respond to short-term ruptures of the limbic bond with various signs of distress.  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> For humans this is seen as intensely in an infant as it is in a jilted love infatuation.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The physiology of protest is increased heart rate/body temperature and increased hormones which promote vigilance and alertness.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> d.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Heart's Discontent</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> "Despair" - If the separation is prolonged, mammals collapse into lethargy and misery.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> The physiology of despair is decreased, irregular heart rate, irregular sleep patterns, diminishment of the growth hormone in the blood, and disturbances in the immune system.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Grief and despair are "close cousins."</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iv.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Major depression may be some twisted form of the despair reaction. (My note: My experience is that depression is certainly driven by the despair reaction... "Nothing I do makes any difference, so why try"... "Life is meaningless...")</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> v.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> There are volumes of research on how prolonged grief/despair/depression lead to physical illness.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> These effects are multiplied in people who are alone, without support.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Dozens of studies demonstrate that people with few or no affiliative ties to family/community are 3-5 times more likely to die prematurely.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Yet Western medicine continues to disregard the evidence.  Affiliation and attachment continue to be ignored in treatment plans.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> e.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Hidden Persuaders</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> i.</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> The physical presence of a mother mammal affects the physiology of the babies in very complex, but predictable ways (Hofer's experiments with rats).</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> When separated from their attachment figures, mammals "spiral into somatic dissaray."</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><div> f.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=9 WIDTH="683"><div> The Open Circle</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> i.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Most people assume the human body is more self-contained than it actually is. (More of an "open loop" than a "closed loop.")</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> ii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> Scientists are finding that attachment is necessary for mammals to maintain neuropsychologic stablity.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> iii.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8 WIDTH="655"><div> This mutually synchornizing exchange is called "limbic regulation."</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> iv.</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> Limbic regulation is the process whereby other persons effect the physiological processes of an individual.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (1)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7><NOBR><div> A baby's system is maximally open-looped.  Without others, he will die.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (2)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> As a baby matures it takes over some of its own regulatory activity.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (3)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> But it is impossible for anyone to develop complete control.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 35 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="25" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> (4)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=7 WIDTH="652"><div> If babies are removed from the sources of limbic regulation too soon, then they develop a lifelong vulnerability to despair.</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="28"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="28" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="25"><div> v.</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=8><NOBR><div> Limbic regulation requires that communal living be a central feature of human life.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 18 WIDTH="34"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="34" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD